AP Biology Period 2 #WongNation

Devansh Taori Biology AP, Per. 2 Mr. Rodney Wong Introduction One of the major keys to life is replicating and passing on genetic material to the next generation. In eukaryotes, the process is extremely complex and involves three phases: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Interphase has the first growth stage (G1), synthesis (S, where the chromosomes are replicated), followed by the second growth stage (G2). In mitosis, the duplicated chromosomes separate into two nuclei. Finally, in cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are formed. Cell division involves many different proteins – in particular, CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases). These CDKs turn off and on various processes in cell division, thus facilitating the overall cycle. The way CDKs do this is by partnering with proteins called cyclins (how aptly named!). One such complex is mitosis-promoting factor, and it contains cyclin A or B and cyclin-dependent kinase. CDK is activated when it is

Devansh Taori AP Biology (per. 2) #Mr #Wong Introduction Have you ever felt like you wanted to take a photo, but just didn't know what to synthesize? Well, don't worry. There's something that can help you out: photosynthesis! It's the one process in plants that sustains ecosystems and replenishes the Earth's atmosphere with oxygen. It's arguably essential to life on Earth. While photosynthesis appears extremely complex, we can do experiments to figure more about it. This is one such experiment. Like most enzyme-driven reactions, the rate of photosynthesis can be measured by either the disappearance of a substrate or the accumulation of a product. The accumulation of product in this case is the production of O2. The molecular formula for photosynthesis is: Because the spongy mesophyll layer in leaves is filled with O2 and CO2, leaves normally float in water. As photosynthesis proceeds, oxygen accumulates in the air spaces of the spongy mesophyll a